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Underwater noise from anthropogenic activities can have negative behavioral and physical effects on marine life, including physical changes, injuries, and death. Impact pile driving and vibratory pile driving are generally used for the construction of ocean-based foundations. Based on the field data under the same marine engineering and marine environment, this paper addresses the characteristics of underwater noise from impact and vibratory pile driving, their differences, and the effects of noise on populations of the large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). The impact pile driving pulse had a median peak-to-peak sound pressure source level (SPLpp) of 244.7 dB re 1 mPa at 1 m and a median sound exposure source level (SELss) of 208.1 dB re 1 mPa2s at 1 m by linear regression.